What Automobiles Were Similar to the Oldsmobile in the 1930s

Former entry-level luxury segmentation of Full general Motors

Oldsmobile

Oldsmobile edifice, pictured in 2008
Formerly	Olds Motor Vehicle Company (1897–1899) Olds Motor Works (1899–1908)
Blazon	Individual (1897–1908) Division (1908–2004)
Industry	Automotive
Founded	August 21, 1897; 124 years ago (1897-08-21)
Founder	Bribe Due east. Olds
Defunct	Apr 29, 2004; 17 years ago (2004-04-29)
Fate	Dissolved
Headquarters	Lansing, Michigan, U.S.
Key people	Frederick Smith Angus Smith A. B. C. Hardy Irving Jacob Reuter C. L. McCuen John Beltz
Products	Luxury and standard automobiles
Parent	General Motors

Oldsmobile was a make of American automobiles, produced for well-nigh of its existence by General Motors. Originally established equally "Olds Motor Vehicle Company" by Ransom E. Olds in 1897, it produced over 35 million vehicles, including at least 14 million congenital at its Lansing, Michigan factory lone. During its time equally a division of Full general Motors, Oldsmobile slotted into the middle of GM's v (passenger car) divisions (above Chevrolet and Pontiac, but below Buick and Cadillac), and was noted for several groundbreaking technologies and designs.

Oldsmobile's sales peaked at over i meg annually from 1983-1986, but by the 1990s the partition faced growing competition from premium import brands and sales steadily declined. When shut down in 2004, Oldsmobile was the oldest surviving American auto marque, and 1 of the oldest in the world, after Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, Renault, Fiat, Opel and Tatra (initially Nesselsdorfer Wagenbau co.).

History [edit]

Early history [edit]

Bribe Eli Olds, the founder and namesake of Oldsmobile

Oldsmobiles were first manufactured by the Olds Motor Vehicle Co. in Lansing, Michigan, a company founded by Ransom Due east. Olds in 1897. In 1901 (the same twelvemonth that Horace and John Dodge won a contract to produce transmissions for the Oldsmobile company), the visitor produced 635 cars, making information technology the get-go high-book gasoline-powered automobile manufacturer. (Electric car manufacturers such as Columbia Electric and steam-powered automobile manufacturers such as Locomobile had higher volumes a few years earlier.) Oldsmobile became the top-selling car company in the United States for a few years around 1903–1904. Ransom Olds left the company in 1904 considering of a dispute with sales manager Frederick Smith, who was questioning production techniques and wanted Mr. Olds to certify that each automobile that left the constitute was free from defects. Mr. Smith then set up an experimental engineering shop without Mr. Olds' knowledge or consent, causing Mr. Olds to leave in 1904 and formed the REO Motor Car Company.^[1] This was a similar situation Henry Ford encountered when he was forced out of the company he founded, the Henry Ford Visitor and started the Ford Motor Company in 1903. Afterward merging with Diamond T in 1967, Diamond Reo Trucks also lasted into the 21st century, folding in 2013.

The 1902 to 1907 Oldsmobile Model R "Curved Dash" was the first mass-produced car,^[2] fabricated from the first automotive assembly line, an invention which is often incorrectly credited to Henry Ford and the Ford Motor Company. Ford was the first to manufacture cars on a moving assembly line, while Olds used a stationary assembly line, meaning that the assembled vehicle remained in ane place and workers would move from one car to the next and perform one assigned job. This differed from hand-fabricated vehicles in the past where various workers would work on one car until information technology was completed and was labor- and time-intensive. Afterwards Olds merged Olds Motor Vehicle Co. with the Olds Gas Engine Works in 1899, information technology was renamed "Olds Motor Works" and moved to a new plant in Detroit, located at the corner of East Jefferson Avenue and MacArthur Bridge.^[3] By March 1901, the visitor had a whole line of models ready for mass production. Notwithstanding, a fault by a worker acquired the manufacturing plant to grab burn down, and it burned to the basis, with all of the prototypes destroyed. The only car that survived the burn was a Curved Dash prototype, which was wheeled out of the manufacturing plant past two workers while escaping the fire. While the factory was beingness rebuilt from insurance, many subcontractors were used to keep product going, to include Henry M. Leland for engines and the Contrivance Brothers. Olds was a potent competitor to other independent companies Buick and Cadillac before they became divisions of Full general Motors between 1908 and 1909. Later after Mr. Olds left the company, Oldsmobile production was moved to Lansing.

Officially, the cars were called "Olds automobiles," but were colloquially referred to equally "Oldsmobiles." It was this moniker, as applied specially to the Curved Nuance Olds, that was popularized in the lyrics and title of the 1905 hit song "In My Merry Oldsmobile". The last Oldsmobile Curved Dash was made in 1907. Full general Motors purchased the company on November 12, 1908.^[4] When GM assumed operations, platform sharing began with Buick products and Oldsmobile shared platforms were identified with the prefix "Series" followed past a number, while models developed by pre-GM engineers were identified with the prefix "Model" followed past a letter. Early, Oldsmobile was a competitor to Hudson as some former engineers of Oldsmobile took positions with Hudson.

1910s [edit]

The 1910 Limited Touring Series 23 was an early on, ambitious, loftier point for the company. Riding atop 42-inch (1067 mm) wheels, and equipped with factory "white" tires,^[5] the Express was the prestige model in Oldsmobile's two model lineup, with the smaller Oldsmobile Despot Series 32 having 36-inch wheels.

The Limited retailed for Us$4,600, ($127,765 in 2020 dollars ^[6]) an amount greater than the cost of a new basic three-bedroom house. Buyers received goatskin upholstery, a 60 hp (45 kW) 707 CID (11.6 Fifty) T-head straight-half-dozen engine, Bosch Magneto starter, running boards and room for five. Options included a speedometer, clock, and a total glass windshield. A limousine version was priced at $5,800 ($161,095 in 2020 dollars ^[6]). While Oldsmobile only sold 725 Limiteds in its 3 years of production, the car is best remembered for winning a race against the famed 20th Century Limited train, an upshot immortalized in the painting Setting the Pace past William Hardner Foster.

The Limited was at the time considered technologically advanced and cut edge, if on the expensive side, merely information technology established the partition'south reputation for innovation. The Oldsmobile Serial xl was offered in 1912 and was considerably more affordable and smaller, and later the Oldsmobile Light Viii in 1916, Oldsmobile offered a Cadillac-sourced flathead V8 engine until 1923, while Buick remained with their division exclusive overhead valve straight-half-dozen engine until 1930.^[7]

Beginning in 1910, bodywork was supplied by Fisher Body, a longstanding tradition that led to the company being eventually merged into GM in later years.

1920s [edit]

1928 Oldsmobile 6 (Model F-28) 4-door sedan

In 1926, the Oldsmobile Six came in five body styles, and ushered in a new GM bodystyle platform called the "GM B platform", shared with Buick products.^[8]

In 1929, as part of General Motors' companion make programme, Oldsmobile introduced the higher standard Viking make, marketed through the Oldsmobile dealer network. Viking was already discontinued at the terminate of the 1930 model twelvemonth although an additional 353 cars were marketed equally 1931 models.

1930s [edit]

1934 Oldsmobile 8 convertible coupe (Model L-34)

In the 1930s, Oldsmobile produced ii trunk styles of automobile, the Series F (direct-6 cylinder) and the longer Series 50 (straight-eight cylinder).^[9] In 1933 The Oldsmobile Plan appeared on CBS radio for ii years which was a new advertising approach to sell products and services.

In 1937, Oldsmobile was a pioneer in introducing a 4-speed semi-automatic transmission chosen the "Automatic Prophylactic Manual", although this accessory was really congenital by Buick, which would offer information technology in its own cars in 1938. This transmission features a conventional clutch pedal, which the driver presses before selecting either "low" or "loftier" range. In "low," the motorcar shifts betwixt first and 2d gears. In "high," the car shifts amongst start, third and fourth gears.^[10]

1940s [edit]

For the 1940 model, Oldsmobile was the first car manufacturer to offer a fully automatic transmission, chosen the "Hydramatic", which features four forward speeds. It has a gas pedal and a restriction—no clutch pedal. The gear selector is on the steering column.

Starting in 1941 and continuing through 1999, Oldsmobile used a two-digit model designation. As originally implemented, the first digit signifies the trunk size while the second represents the number of cylinders. Body sizes were 6, 7, viii, and 9, and straight half dozen- and straight eight-cylinder engines were offered. Thus, Oldsmobiles were named "66" through "98".

The last pre-war Oldsmobile rolled off the associates line on February 5, 1942. During World War II, Oldsmobile produced numerous kinds of material for the war effort, including big-caliber guns and shells. Product resumed on October 15, 1945, with a warmed-over 1942 model serving equally the offering for 1946.

Oldsmobile once again was a pioneer when, for the 1949 model, the Rocket engine was introduced, which used an overhead valve V8 pattern rather than the flathead "directly-eight" design which prevailed at the time. The overhead valve was originally exclusive to Buick as they invented the technology and offered it on all of their products. This engine produced far more than power than the other engines that were pop during that era, and constitute favor with hot-rodders and stock car racers. The basic design, with a few pocket-size changes, endured until Oldsmobile redesigned its V8 engines in the mid-1960s.

1950s [edit]

1953 Oldsmobile 98 convertible

1957 Oldsmobile Starfire 98 Holiday sedan with "StratoRoof" rear window

Oldsmobile entered the 1950s following a divisional paradigm campaign centered on its 'Rocket' engines and the Space Race, and its cars' appearance followed conform. Oldsmobile's Rocket V8 engine was the leader in operation; its cars were mostly considered the fastest on the market; and past the mid-1950s their styling was among the first to offering a wide, "open up maw" grille, suggestive of fighter jet propulsion. From 1948-1957, Oldsmobile adopted a ringed-globe keepsake depicting North America to stress what marketers felt was its universal entreatment. Starting in 1958, the grille logo changed again to reflect the rocket paradigm, that was used throughout the late 1950s, the make used twin jet pod-styled taillights as a nod to its "Rocket" theme. Oldsmobile was amid the offset of General Motors' divisions to receive a true hardtop in 1950 called the "Holiday coupe" (Buick'south version was called the "Riviera", and Cadillac'southward was chosen the "Coupe De Ville"), and it was also amidst the first divisions (along with Buick and Cadillac) to receive a wraparound windshield, a tendency that somewhen all American makes would share at sometime between 1953 and 1964. New for 1954 on 98 coupes and convertibles (Starfire) would be front and rear "sweep cut" fender styling, which would not show up on a Chevrolet until 1956 and not until 1957 on a Pontiac. 1953 models inverse to a 12 volt electrical system that made starting easier.

In the 1950s the nomenclature inverse over again, and trim levels too received names that were then mated with the model numbers. This resulted in the Oldsmobile 88 emerging as base Dynamic 88 and the highline Super 88. Other full-size model names included the "Holiday" used on hardtops, and "Fiesta" used on its station wagons. When the 88 was retired in 1999 (with a Fiftieth Ceremony Edition), its length of service was the longest model name used on American cars after the Chrysler New Yorker. Mid-1955 likewise saw the introduction of the iv-door Holiday pillarless hardtop, the manufacture's first (along with Buick).

General Motors' styling as a whole lost its frontrunner condition in 1957 when Chrysler introduced Virgil Exner's "forward expect" designs. When compared side to side, Oldsmobile looked dated side by side to its price-indicate competitors DeSoto and Mercury. Compounding the problem for Oldsmobile and Buick was a styling error which GM called the "StratoRoof", which was reminiscent of the "greenhouse" canopy used on the Convair B-36 Peacemaker high distance bomber. Both makes had models which independent the heavily framed rear window, but Detroit had been working with large curved backlights for almost a decade. Consumers disliked the roof and its bullheaded spots, forcing GM to rush a redesign into product on some of its models. Oldsmobile's only off year in the 1950s was 1958. The nation was first to feel the results of its starting time significant post-war recession, and US automobile sales were down for the model year. Oldsmobile, Buick and Cadillac received a heavy-handed makeover of the 1957 GM designs. The Oldsmobile that emerged in 1958 bore fiddling resemblance to the design of its forerunners; instead the car emerged as a large, over-decorated "chromemobile" which many felt had overly ostentatious styling.

Up front, all 1958 Oldsmobile's received one of General Motors' heavily styled front facias and quad-headlights. Streaking dorsum from the edge of the headlights was a broad chugalug consisting of two strips of chrome on regular 88s, three strips on Super 88s, and three strips (meridian and lesser thin, within thick) on 98s that concluded in a point at mid-torso. The bottom of the rear fender featured a thick stamping of a half tube that pointed frontward, atop which was a chrome assembly of four horizontal chrome speed-lines that terminated into a vertical bar. The tail of the motorcar featured massive vertical chrome taillight housings. Ii chrome stars were fitted to the trunklid.

1958 Oldsmobile Super 88 Holiday coupe

Ford styling consultant Alex Tremulis (designer of the 1948 Tucker sedan) mocked the 1958 Oldsmobile by drawing cartoons of the car, and placing musical notes in the rear trim assembly. Another Detroit stylist employed by Ford bought a used 1958 Oldsmobile in the early 1960s, driving it daily to work. He detached and rearranged the Oldsmobile lettering in a higher place the grille to spell out slobmodel every bit a reminder to himself and co-workers of what "bad" machine design meant to their concern.

In 1959, Oldsmobile models were completely redesigned with a rocket motif from front to rear, as the peak of the front fenders had a chrome rocket, while the body-length fins were shaped every bit rocket exhausts which culminated in a fin-pinnacle taillight (concave on the 98 models while convex on the 88 models). The 1959 models besides offered several roof treatments, such as the pillared sedan with a fastback rear window and the Holiday SportSedan, which was a flat-roofed pillarless hardtop with wraparound forepart and rear drinking glass. The 1959 models were marketed as "the linear look", and also featured a bar-graph speedometer which showed a dark-green indicator through 35 miles per hour (56 km/h), and then changed to orange until 65 miles per 60 minutes (105 km/h), then was ruby-red in a higher place that until the highest speed read past the speedometer, 120 miles per hour (190 km/h). Power windows were available on the 98 models, as were two-speed electrical windshield wipers with electrically powered windshield washers. The 88 still relied on vacuum-operated windshield wipers without a washer characteristic. 1959 Oldsmobiles were offered with "Autronic Eye" (a dashboard-mounted automatic headlight dimmer) too as mill-installed air conditioning and power-operated front bench seat as available options. The 1959 trunk manner was continued through the 1960 model year, but the fins were toned down for 1960 and the taillights were moved to the bottom of the fenders.

1960s [edit]

From 1948 until 2004, Oldsmobile used a multifariousness of logos employing a rocket theme that played off its Rocket line of V-8 engines. This image is stylistic variation of a rocket sitting on a launchpad

Notable achievements for Oldsmobile in the 1960s included the introduction of the first turbocharged engine and a factory h2o injection organization in 1962 (the Turbo Jetfire), the showtime modernistic front end-wheel drive machine produced in the United States (the 1966 Toronado), the Vista Cruiser station carriage (noted for its roof drinking glass), and the upscale 442 muscle motorcar. Olds briefly used the names "Jetstar 88" (1964–1966) and Delmont 88 (1967–1968) on its least expensive full-size models in the 1960s. In 1968 the split grille appearance was introduced and remained a traditional characteristic until product concluded in 2004.

Notable models for the 1960s:

Oldsmobile 442 – began as a 1964 muscle car option package (4-barrel carburetor, 4-speed transmission transmission, and 2 exhausts) on the F-85/Cutlass. In 1965, to better compete with the Pontiac GTO, the original 330 CID V8 rated at 310 hp (231 kW) was replaced by a new 400 CID V8 rated at 345 hp (257 kW). The 442 definition was inverse to "4" hundred CID V8 engine, "iv"-barrel carburetor, and "2" exhaust pipes, and was named past "Car Craft Nationals" as the "top automobile of 1965". In 1968 the 442 became its ain model and got a larger, 455 CID (7.5 50), V8 engine in 1970.
Oldsmobile Cutlass (1961–1999) – mid-size car. Oldsmobile's best seller in the 1970s and 1980s, and in some of those years America'southward best-selling car. In 1966 a top-line Cutlass Supreme was introduced as a four-door hardtop sedan with a more than powerful 320 hp (239 kW) 330 CID Jetfire Rocket V8 than the regular F-85/Cutlass models, a more luxurious interior and other trimmings. In 1967 the Cutlass Supreme was expanded to a full series likewise including two-door hardtop and pillared coupes, a convertible and a four-door pillared sedan. It likewise came with a six.6L 400 CID engine every bit an option in 1967.
Oldsmobile F-85 (1961–1972) – meaty sedan, coupe and station wagon powered by a 215 CID aluminum block V8 engine from 1961 to 1963. In 1964 the F-85 was upgraded to an intermediate-sized auto and the aluminum V8 was replaced by conventional cast-iron half-dozen-cylinder and V8 engines. The Cutlass was initially the top model of the F-85 line merely became a separate model by 1965 with the F-85 nameplate continued merely on the everyman-priced models through the 1972 model year, afterward which all Oldsmobile intermediates were Cutlasses.
Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser (1964–1977) – a stretched wheelbase Cutlass station wagon, which was stretched to 120" from 115" in the 1964-67 models and to 121" from 116" in the 1968-72 models, the stretched area being in the 2nd-row seating surface area. This auto featured an elevated roof over the rear seat and cargo area and glass skylights over the rear seating area, which consisted of a transverse skylight over the second seat (ii-piece from 1964 to 1967, one-piece from 1968 to 1972) and pocket-sized longitudinal skylights directly over the rear cargo-surface area windows, and also featured standard second-row sunvisors. The iii-seat models featured forward-facing seating, at a time when most three-seat station wagons had the third row of seats facing the rear. From 1965 to 1970, it would be Oldsmobile's flagship station railroad vehicle, every bit no full-sized wagons were produced. The third-generation 1973-77 models no longer had skylights other than an optional front end-row pop-up sunroof. This car was merely an upwards-line trim package on the Cutlass Supreme wagon and carried the Vista Cruiser nameplate rather than the Cutlass nameplate. The optional tertiary seat was rear-facing in the third-generation Vista Cruiser.
Oldsmobile Starfire (1961–1966) – a sporty and luxurious hardtop coupe and convertible based on the 88. The Starfire featured interiors with leather bucket seats and a center console with floor shifter, forth with a standard Hydra-Matic transmission, power steering and brakes (and power windows and seats on convertibles). It was powered by Oldsmobile'due south virtually powerful Rocket V8 engine, a 394 CID engine from 1961 to 1964 rated from 330 to 345 hp (257 kW), and a larger 425 CID Super Rocket V8 from 1965 to 1966, rated at 375 hp (280 kW).
Oldsmobile Jetstar I (1964–1966) – life for the somewhat obscure Jetstar I started in 1964. It was designed to be a low-cost option to the successful total size Starfire serial – more than of a straight competitor to the Pontiac Grand Prix. Standard equipment included the 345 hp (257 kW) 394ci Starfire engine, vinyl bucket seats and console. Keeping the "sport" part of the Starfire, it possessed less of the luxury and glitz. Information technology weighed in at 4028 pounds, and 16,084 were produced for 1964. It was a Starfire without the frills and was informally dubbed "the poor human'due south Starfire". Proving to exist an sick-blighted model, 1965 concluded the ii-year run for the Jetstar I. Only 6,552 were sold. The introduction of the Pontiac GTO and Oldsmobile iv-4-2 in 1964 insured the future of the musclecars were the intermediates, and the front-bulldoze Toronado loomed large in Oldsmobile's future taking over the flagship status from the Starfire. Farther confused with its bottom brethren with the Jetstar 88 nameplate, there was no way merely out for the Jetstar I. And shut examination of prices revealed that unless one bought a sparsely optioned JS1, there was little financial incentive to buy a JS1 over the Starfire. Just lost in the mix was a loftier-performance car in the '65 Jetstar I. Trimmed downwardly to 3963#, the '65 model was an overlooked performance car. The new 370 hp (276 kW) 425ci Starfire engine delivered 470 lb⋅ft (637 N⋅m) of torque, was durable, and was quite an improvement over the '64 394. The new Oldsmobile Turbo Hydra-Matic manual was a vast performance comeback over the previous "slim-jim" Hydra-Matic transmission. Likewise, Oldsmobile offered the Muncie 4-speed with Hurst shifter in '65. Oldsmobile boasted in a 1965 press release that "a Jetstar I proved to be the summit accelerator of the unabridged event" at the 1965 Pure Oil Performance Trials in Daytona beach. Those trials were sanctioned and supervised past NASCAR. Note: between 1964 and 1966, Oldsmobile named its least expensive total size model the Oldsmobile Jetstar 88 which the Jetstar I was not related to, and priced $500–$600 below the Jetstar I.
Oldsmobile Delta 88 (1949–1999) While the "88" serial of Oldsmobile'southward date back to the 1940s, and were offered in a variety of trim levels, the introduction of the Delta 88, which superseded the Super 88 line as Olds' mid-level total-sized vehicles, was a watershed event for the segmentation. Better trimmed than the depression price Dynamic 88 range, but available in a wider range of body styles than the Super 88 had been, the Delta range was an immediate hit with motorcar buyers. It quickly overshadowed the Dynamic 88 line. To pump life into the Dynamic 88 range, Oldsmobile renamed it the Delmont 88 for 1967. All the same, the Delta continued to climb in popularity to the point where Oldsmobile dropped the Delmont range at the terminate of the 1968 model run. Somewhen the Delta 88 was joined by the Delta 88 Royale, a premium trimmed Delta. The Delta connected to exist Oldsmobile's most popular full size line. In an endeavor to modernize marketing efforts every bit Oldsmobile's fortunes declined, the "Delta" name was dropped in 1989, but the car lived on equally the 80-Eight until Oldsmobile ended its production in 1999.
Oldsmobile Toronado (1966–1992) – a forepart-wheel-drive coupe in the personal luxury car category, introduced in 1966. At the time, the largest and most powerful front-wheel-drive car ever produced, and ane of the first modern front end-bike-drive cars equipped with an automatic transmission. The original Toronado was powered by a 425 CID Super Rocket V8 engine rated at 385 hp (287 kW), mated to a three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic manual. The Toronado was Motor Tendency magazine's 1966 "automobile of the yr".

1970s-1980s [edit]

1994 Oldsmobile Eighty-Eight Royale

The 1970s and 1980s were good years for the Oldsmobile sectionalization; sales soared (reaching an all-fourth dimension loftier of 1,066,122 in 1985) based on popular designs, positive reviews from critics, and perceived quality and reliability, with the Cutlass series condign North America's top-selling motorcar by 1976. By this time, Olds had displaced Pontiac and Plymouth equally the third acknowledged brand in the U.S. behind Chevrolet and Ford. In the tardily 1970s and again in the mid-1980s, model-year production topped i million units, something only Chevrolet and Ford had achieved.

The very popularity of Oldsmobile's cars created a trouble for the division in the late 1970s, however. At that time, each General Motors division produced its own V8 engines, and in 1977, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, Pontiac, and Buick each produced a unique 350-cubic-inch displacement V8. It was during the 1977 model twelvemonth that demand exceeded production capacity for the Oldsmobile V8 and as a result, Oldsmobile began equipping about full-size Delta 88 models (those with Federal emissions specifications) with the Chevrolet 350 engine instead. Although it was widely debated whether in that location was a departure in quality or performance between the two engines, in that location was no question that the engines were dissimilar from 1 another. Many customers were loyal Oldsmobile buyers who specifically wanted the Rocket V8, and did not find that their vehicle had the Chevrolet engine until they performed maintenance and discovered that purchased parts did not fit. This became a public relations nightmare for GM.^[11] ^[12]

Post-obit this debacle, disclaimers stating that "Oldsmobiles are equipped with engines produced past various GM divisions" were tacked onto advertisements and sales literature; all other GM divisions followed suit. In addition, GM quickly stopped associating engines with particular divisions and to this day, all GM engines are produced past "GM Powertrain" (GMPT) and are chosen GM "Corporate" engines instead of GM "Partition" engines. Although it was the popularity of the Oldsmobile division vehicles that prompted this change, declining sales of V8 engines would take made this change inevitable every bit all but the Chevrolet version of the 350-cubic-inch engine were eventually discontinued.

Oldsmobile too introduced a five.7L (350 cu-in) V8 diesel engine pick on its Custom Cruiser, Delta 88 and 98 models in 1978; and a smaller four.3L (260 cu-in) displacement V8 diesel on the 1979 Cutlass Salon and Cutlass Supreme/Cutlass Calais models. These were largely based on corresponding gasoline engines but with heavier duty cast blocks, redesigned heads and fast glow plugs; and on the v.7L, oversized cranks, principal bearings and wrist pins. There were several problems with these engines, including h2o and corrosion in the injectors (no water separator in the fuel line); paraffin clogging of fuel lines and filters in cold weather; reduced lubrication in the heads due to undersized oil galleys; head bolt failures; and the use of aluminum rockers and stanchions in the 4.3L V8 engines. While the 5.7L was also offered on diverse Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, and Pontiac models, it was somewhen discontinued by all divisions in 1985. V6 diesels of 4.3L deportation were besides offered betwixt 1982 and 1985. In 1988 the so all-new 1988 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Footstep car was the 1st production car with heads upwards display.^[13]

Notable models:

Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme (1966–1997) – more performance and luxury than the lower-priced Cutlass and Cutlass South models, fitting in at the lower cease of the personal luxury auto marketplace. Models were similar to the Pontiac Thou Prix, Chevrolet Monte Carlo, and Buick Regal.
Oldsmobile 88 (1949-1999) – Oldsmobile total-sized family coupe and sedan. Led Oldsmobile sales from 1950 to 1974. Downsized in 1977, became front-wheel-drive in 1986. The first-generation 88 is reputed to have inspired the song "Rocket 88" – arguably the first rock & roll record.
Oldsmobile 98 (1941–1996) – Oldsmobile full-sized luxury coupe and sedan that was downsized in 1977 and 1985, became front end-wheel-bulldoze in 1985.
Oldsmobile Toronado (1966–1992) – personal luxury coupe, major redesign downsized the machine in 1979 and so again in 1986, Motor Trend Car of the Year in '66.
Oldsmobile Omega (1973–1984) – European flavored compact car originally based on the Chevrolet Nova and afterward the Chevrolet Citation.
Oldsmobile Calais (or Cutlass Calais) (1985–1991) – pop meaty coupe and sedan on GM'due south "North-trunk" platform, like to the Pontiac Yard Am. The serial' proper noun was taken from what was formerly the high-end option package for Cutlass Supreme models.
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera (1982–1996) – popular selling upscale mid-sized car based on GM'southward A platform. During its run, the Cutlass Ciera was Oldsmobile's all-time-selling model. It consistently ranked among the highest-rated vehicles by J. D. Power and Associates; it was ranked the "Best in Cost Class" on July 30, 1992, and the "Acme-Ranked American-Fabricated Machine" on May 28, 1992. Information technology was besides named "Safe Machine of the Twelvemonth" by Prevention magazine on March 6, 1992.^{[ citation needed ]}
Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser (1971–1992) – total-size station wagon. Downsized in 1977. Within Oldsmobile, the Custom Cruiser shared its trim with either (or both) the Oldsmobile Delta 88 or Oldsmobile Ninety-Eight; post-obit the further downsizing of Oldsmobile sedans in 1986, the Custom Cruiser effectively became a stand-alone model line. With the discontinuation of the Cutlass Supreme Archetype in 1988, the Custom Cruiser became the sole Oldsmobile sold with rear-bike drive.
Oldsmobile Starfire (1975–1980) – sporty subcompact, hatchback coupe similar to the Chevrolet Monza, which was itself, based on the Chevrolet Vega.
Oldsmobile Firenza (1982–1988) – compact sedan, hatchback, coupe, and station carriage based on GM's J-body, sharing the same platform with the Chevrolet Cavalier, Pontiac Sunbird, and Buick Skyhawk.

1990s [edit]

Later on the tremendous success of the 1970s and 1980s, things changed rapidly for Oldsmobile, and by the early 1990s the brand had lost its place in the market (equally annual sales had fallen from a tape high of i,066,122 in 1985 to simply 402,936 in 1993), squeezed betwixt other GM divisions, and with competition from new upscale import makes Acura, Infiniti and Lexus. GM continued to use Oldsmobile sporadically to showcase futuristic designs and every bit a "republic of guinea hog" for testing new technology, with Oldsmobile offer the Toronado Trofeo, which included a visual instrument system with a calendar, datebook, climate controls and several prototypes congenital in conjunction with Avis with an early satellite-based navigation system. For 1995, Oldsmobile introduced the Aurora, which would exist the inspiration for the pattern of its cars from the mid-1990s onward. The introduction of the Aurora marked as General Motors' catalyst to reposition Oldsmobile as an upscale import fighter. Accordingly, Oldsmobile received a new logo based on the familiar "rocket" theme. Also in 1995 Oldsmobile introduced the start satellite navigation system bachelor in the United States, the Guidestar on the 1995 Oldsmobile 88.^[14] Nearly all the existing model names were gradually phased out: the Cutlass Calais in 1991, the Toronado and Custom Cruiser in 1992, the 90-Eight and Ciera (formerly Cutlass Ciera) in 1996, Cutlass Supreme in 1997, and finally the Eighty-8 and Cutlass (which had only been around since '97) in 1999. They were replaced with newer, more modern models with designs inspired by the Aurora.

Redesigned and new models introduced from 1990 to 2004:

Oldsmobile Achieva (1992–1998) – compact sedan & coupe
Oldsmobile Alero (1999–2004) – compact sport sedan & coupe
Oldsmobile Aurora (1995–2003) – full-size luxury/performance sedan (redesigned for 2001)
Oldsmobile Bravada (1991–2004) – mid-size premium Sport utility vehicle (redesigned for 1996 and 2002)
Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser (1971–1992) – full-size station wagon. (Redesigned for 1991)
Oldsmobile Cutlass (1997–1999) – mid-size sedan
Oldsmobile Lxxx Viii (1949–1999) – full-size premium sedan (redesigned for 1992)
Oldsmobile Intrigue (1998–2002) – mid-size luxury/sport sedan
Oldsmobile Ninety-Viii (1941–1996) – full-size luxury sedan (redesigned for 1991)
Oldsmobile Silhouette (1990–2004) – premium minivan (redesigned for 1997)

2000s [edit]

In spite of Oldsmobile's critical successes since the mid-1990s, a reported shortfall in sales and overall profitability prompted General Motors to announce in December 2000 its plans to shut down the Oldsmobile organisation. That proclamation was officially revealed two days later on Oldsmobile distributed the Bravada SUV – which became some other critical striking for the division but turned out to be the final new model for the Oldsmobile make.

The phaseout was conducted on the following schedule:

February 2001: The 2002 Bravada, the company's last new model, hits Oldsmobile showrooms
June 2002: Production ends for Intrigue and the Aurora V6 sedans
March 2003: Aurora V8 sedan product ends
Jan 2004: Bravada SUV production ends
March 2004: Silhouette minivan product ends
April 2004: Alero compact car production ends

The last 500 Aleros, Auroras, Bravadas, Silhouettes and Intrigues produced received special Oldsmobile heritage emblems and markings which signified 'Last 500'. All featured a unique Night Ruby Metallic paint scheme. Auroras and Intrigues would be accompanied past special Concluding 500 literature. All the same, only the Intrigue, Aurora, Bravada, and Alero had all Final 500 models congenital; the Silhouette only had 360 congenital as a consequence of the establish running out of out of production capacity due to fleet club obligations for minivans on the same assembly line.^{[ citation needed ]} The Oldsmobile sectionalisation's last completed product car was an Alero GLS four-door sedan, which was signed past all of the Olds assembly line workers. It was on display at the R. E. Olds Transportation Museum located in Lansing, Michigan until GM's bankruptcy, when information technology retook possession of the automobile. It was and then located at the GM Heritage Centre in Sterling Heights, Michigan. In December 2017, the car headed to New York where it was auctioned off at a dealer-only auction for $42,000 to a Florida dealer. Also sold at the auction were a 1999 Cutlass and a 1999 Ciera.

Firsts [edit]

During the 107 years of Oldsmobile'southward beingness, it was known for existence a republic of guinea hog for new technologies and firsts.

1901 – The first speedometer to be offered on a production car was on an Oldsmobile Curved Dash
1901 – Oldsmobile became the first car company to procure parts from third-party suppliers.^[15]
1901 – Oldsmobile was the starting time car manufacturer to publicly promote their vehicles.^[sixteen]
1902 – The Oldsmobile Curved Nuance becomes the start mass-produced vehicle in America.
1902 – Olds Motor Works is the first American auto visitor to consign an machine.
1903 – Olds builds the 1st purpose built Mail Truck.^[17]
1908 – Oldsmobile becomes a partitioning of GM, and rebadges the Buick Model B equally the Oldsmobile Model 20, creating arguably the first bluecoat-engineered auto.
1915 – First standard windshield^[18]
1926 – Oldsmobile was the starting time car visitor to use chrome plating on its trim.^[xix]
1929 – Oldsmobile creates the starting time Monobloc V8 engine in its Viking Sister-brand.
1932 – Oldsmobile introduces the first automatic choke.^[20]
1940 – Oldsmobile introduces the Hydra-Matic the first production fully automatic transmission.
1948 – Oldsmobile, along with Buick and Cadillac offered ane piece chemical compound curved windshields. Prior to this, windshields were split up in the center.
1949 – Oldsmobile introduces the kickoff high-compression, OHV V8 engine the Rocket.^[21]
1952 – Oldsmobile forth with Cadillac introduces the "Autronic Heart" – the first automated headlight dimming system.^[22]
1953 – Oldsmobile becomes 1 of the primeval automakers to switch their consummate line up to the newly standardized 12v charging system.( Buick Roadmasters and Cadillacs were other early adopters.
1962 – Oldsmobile creates first product turbocharged car the Oldsmobile F-85 Jetfire.
1962 – Oldsmobile creates kickoff product car with water injection the Oldsmobile F-85 Jetfire.^[23]
1966 – The Toronado is the first mass-produced front-bicycle-drive American car.^[24]
1969 – Start production electric grid window defogger on an American motorcar – 1969 Oldsmobile Toronado ^[25]
1974 – The Toronado is the first American car to offer a driver-side airbag. Shared with Buick and Cadillac.
1977 – The Toronado is the start product American car with a microprocessor to run engine controls.^[26]
1982 – First apply of high-impact moulded plastic body components – 1982 Oldsmobile Omega ^[27]
1986 – Oldsmobile along with Buick introduces the Delco VIC touchscreen interface on the Oldsmobile Toronado and the Buick Riviera starting time of its kind on a production Automobile.
1988 – The first product heads-up brandish system – 1988 Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme Indy Stride car.^[28]
1988 – Oldsmobile broke a globe closed-form speed record with the Oldsmobile Aerotech at 267 mph, driven by legendary race car driver A.J. Foyt.^[29]
1990 – Oldsmobile introduces an updated colour Touchscreen interface with congenital in cellular phone (a predecessor to modern infotainment systems) on the 1990 Oldsmobile Toronado Trofeo.^[30]
1995 – Oldsmobile presented Guidestar, the first on-lath navigation system to be offered on a U.s.a. production auto.^[31]
1997 – Oldsmobile is the showtime American machine company to turn 100.^[32]
2001 – The fully redesigned 2002 Oldsmobile Bravada SUV became the commencement truck ever to pace the Indianapolis 500.^[33]

Production [edit]

Model Year(due south)	Model	H.P. Rating	Cyl.	Remarks
1901–1903	Curved Dash Model R	5	one
1902	Pirate	7	one	Racer
1904	Curved Dash Model 6C	7	1
1904	Model T	10	ane	a.k.a. "Light Tonneau"
1904–1905	Model Northward	7	1	a.thousand.a. "Touring Runabout"
1905–1906	Curved Nuance Model B	seven	ane
1905	Side Entrance Tonneau	20	two	5-passenger
1906	Model L		2, opposed
1906	Model S		iv
1907	Curved Dash Model F	7	one
1907	Model H		four
1907	Model A		four
1908	Model M / MR		4
1908–1909	Model Ten		four
1908–1909	Model Z	twoscore	6
1909	twenty	22	iv	Derived from Buick 10
1909	Model D / DR		4
1910	Special	twoscore	4	Replaces all previous 4-cylinder cars
1910–1912	Limited	sixty	6	Introduced 1909 as 1910 model
1911	Special	36	4	Compressed-air starter (all)
1911-12	Autocrat	40	4
1912–1913	Defender	35	four	el. Starter & lighting (all)
1913	53	50	6	Replaces Limited and Autocrat
1914–1915	42	20	four	"Baby-Olds"
1914	54	l	six	"6th Generation 6"
1915-xvi	43	xxx	6	"4th Generation Four"
1915	55	fifty	half dozen	"6th Generation Half-dozen"
1916	44 "Calorie-free Eight"		V-8
1917	45 "Lite Eight"		V-viii
1918	45A "Calorie-free Viii"		Five-8

Models [edit]

Oldsmobile Six (Series F)
Oldsmobile Eight (Series Fifty)
Oldsmobile Deluxe
Oldsmobile 66 and 68 (1939–1948)
Oldsmobile 76 and 78 (1946–1950)
Oldsmobile 98 (1941–1996)
Oldsmobile 88 (1949–1999)
Oldsmobile F-85 (1961–1967)
Oldsmobile Starfire (1961–1966 & 1975–1980)
Oldsmobile Jetstar I (1964–1965)
Oldsmobile Vista Cruiser (1964–1977)
Oldsmobile Cutlass (1964–1977, 1980–1981 & 1997–1999)
Oldsmobile Toronado (1966–1992)
Oldsmobile Cutlass Supreme (1967–1997)
Oldsmobile 442 (1968–1980 & 1985–1987)
Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser (1971–1992)
Oldsmobile Omega (1973–1984)
Oldsmobile Cutlass Salon (1973–1980 & 1985–1987)
Oldsmobile Cutlass Cruiser (1978–1996)
Oldsmobile Firenza (1982–1988)
Oldsmobile Cutlass Ciera (1982–1996)
Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais (1985–1991)
Oldsmobile Touring Sedan (1987–1990)
Oldsmobile Silhouette (1990–2004)
Oldsmobile Bravada (1991–2004)
Oldsmobile Achieva (1992–1998)
Oldsmobile Aurora (1995–2003)
Oldsmobile Intrigue (1998–2002)
Oldsmobile Alero (1999–2004)

Concept [edit]

Oldsmobile Starfire (1953)
Oldsmobile Cutlass (1954)
Oldsmobile F-88 (1954)
Oldsmobile 88 Delta (1955)
Oldsmobile Golden Rocket (1956)
Oldsmobile F-88 Mark 2 (1957)
Oldsmobile F-88 Marker 3 (1959)
Oldsmobile X-215 (1962)
Oldsmobile El Torero (1963)
Oldsmobile J-TR (1963)
Oldsmobile Thor past Ghia (1967)
Oldsmobile Incas by ItalDesign (1986)
Oldsmobile Aerotech (1987)
Oldsmobile Aerotech III (1989)
Oldsmobile Tube Car (1989)
Oldsmobile Expression (1990)
Oldsmobile Achieva (1991)
Oldsmobile Canticle (1992)
Oldsmobile Antares (1995)
Oldsmobile Alero Alpha (1997)
Oldsmobile Recon (1999)
Oldsmobile Contour (2000)
Oldsmobile O4 (2001)

Consign markets [edit]

Canada [edit]

In Canada the range was express, with the Oldsmobile Silhouette and Oldsmobile Bravada beingness unavailable to Canadian consumers until much subsequently in their production life.

The Oldsmobile Cutlass (1997 – 1999 version) was not offered there.
The Oldsmobile Silhouette was sold in Canada from 1998 onwards, unlike in the United States.
The Oldsmobile Bravada was unavailable in Canada until its tertiary generation in 2002; previous models sold in Canada were gray import vehicles.

Mexico [edit]

In Mexico all Oldsmobile models were sold under the Chevrolet brand.^[34] ^[35]

Europe [edit]

For the european market, the Oldsmobile Silhouette was sold between 1994 and 1997 as the Pontiac Trans Sport by replacing the Oldsmobile badging with Pontiac badging, along with Pontiac wheels. Sales in Europe were good for an American import, just did not correspond plenty volume to make a distinct model economically feasible for the European market. Its successors were both the Chevrolet Trans Sport (2d generation Pontiac Trans Sport rebadged as a Chevrolet) (LWB), and the Opel / Vauxhall Sintra (SWB).

The Oldsmobile Alero was sold in select countries in Europe (and Israel) between 1999 and 2001 as the Chevrolet Alero, and was only available equally a 4-door sedan. The motorcar notwithstanding featured its Oldsmobile badges even though sold nether the Chevrolet brand, but since most European consumers would not recognize the badging, Chevrolet badges were added to the grille and rear fascia for the 2000 model year. The Alero featured Chevrolet emblems throughout its entire run in Israel. The Alero was replaced in Europe and Israel by the GM Daewoo-sourced Chevrolet Evanda / Epica.

Marketing themes [edit]

Early in its history, Olds enjoyed a healthy public relations boost from the 1905 hit song In My Merry Oldsmobile. The aforementioned theme—a fast, powerful Olds auto helping the driver romance the reverse sex—was updated in the 1950s with the iconic hit Rocket 88.

The potent public relations efforts by GM in the 1950s was epitomized in the Motorama, a "1 company" motorcar show extravaganza. Millions of Americans attended, in a spirit not unlike a "mini-World's Fair". Every GM sectionalisation had a "Dream Auto". Oldsmobile'south dream/concept machine was called "The Golden Rocket".

The Dr. Oldsmobile theme was i of Oldsmobile's most successful marketing campaigns in the early '70s, it involved fictional characters created to promote the wildly popular 442 musculus car. 'Dr. Oldsmobile' was a tall lean professor type who wore a white lab coat. His assistants included 'Elephant Engine Ernie' who represented the big block 455 Rocket engine. 'Shifty Sidney' was a grapheme who could exist seen swiftly shifting his paw using a Hurst shifter. 'Wind Tunnel Waldo' had slicked back hair that appeared to be constantly current of air blown. He represented Oldsmobile'due south wind tunnel testing, that produced some of the sleekest designs of the mean solar day. Some other character included 'Hy Spy' who had his ear to the ground as he checked out the competition.

A public relations campaign in the late 1980s proclaimed that this was "not your father'south Oldsmobile." The company produced a series of television ads during this time; said ads featured the offspring of various celebrities, and sometimes the celebrity in question. These ads included:

Frankie Avalon Jr.
Noel Blanc, son of Mel Blanc
Amanda Graves, daughter of Peter Graves
Deborah Moore, daughter of Roger Moore
Julie Nimoy, daughter of Leonard Nimoy
Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis Presley
Jodi Serling, daughter of Rod Serling
Melanie Shatner, girl of William Shatner
Lee Starr, girl of Ringo Starr
David and Gina Belafonte, son and daughter of Harry Belafonte

Ironically, many fans of the brand say that the declining sales were in fact acquired by the "this is not your father's Oldsmobile" campaign, as the largest market for Oldsmobiles was the population whose parents had, in fact, owned Oldsmobiles and that by going abroad from the traditional vehicles that Oldsmobile's brand was built upon, lost many loyal buyers and put the brand on a collision form with Pontiac and Buick, which led to internal cannibalization and a downfall from which it could never recover. Oldsmobile's final major advertizement campaign had the slogan "Start Something" in a last-ditch endeavor to market to younger buyers at the plow of the millennium.^[36]

Corporate image [edit]

Logo evolution [edit]

1897
1919
1960
1981

Advertisements [edit]

Galveston Daily News, December 28, 1902
Detroit Medical Journal, 1903
Syracuse Postal service-Standard, September 30, 1904
Syracuse Herald, April 7, 1906
La Crosse Tribune, May 8, 1908
Mansfield News, Apr 23, 1910
Syracuse Post-Standard, June eleven, 1910

Motorsport [edit]

NASCAR [edit]

Oldsmobile is especially known for its contest in NASCAR. Beginning with the Rocket 88, Oldsmobile proved heavily competitive in stock auto racing. In the Sixties, the Rocket 88 was replaced by the 442. Somewhen, the Cutlass would lead Oldsmobile into the Eighties before GM reduced its entries to Chevrolet and Pontiac in the Nineties. Information technology was the restyled body of the Cutlass Supreme that (along with the Chevrolet Monte Carlo, Buick Majestic, and Pontiac One thousand Prix) ushered in the downsized cars into NASCAR loving cup contest. While the Cutlass looked almost identical to the Buick Royal (which scored 35+ victories in the 1981 thru 1985 seasons), the Cutlass (like the Contrivance Mirada) didn't take i checkered flag, and many teams moved away from it in 1983 to the Regal, Grand Prix, and restyled Monte Carlo SS. This was a rude awakening to Oldsmobile, which was getting used to wins on the NASCAR excursion. The trunk style of the 1988-92 Cutlass proved to exist a winner for NASCAR contest and it visited the victory circle 13 times between 1989 and 1992, when Oldsmobile ended its racing program.^{[ citation needed ]}

IMSA GT [edit]

In the IMSA GT Title, Oldsmobile would provide power for IMSA GT Prototypes aslope Chevrolet and Buick. The Cutlass was used in IMSA GTO forth with other vehicles besides beingness used in Trans Am and NASCAR.

IndyCar [edit]

Oldsmobile was an engine supplier in the IndyCar Series along with Infiniti starting in 1997.

Trans Am Series [edit]

The Cutlass was used in the Trans Am Series during the 1980s. Many vehicles likewise being used in NASCAR at the time were used in Trans Am and IMSA GTO.

Come across also [edit]

List of automobile manufacturers
List of defunct automobile manufacturers of the U.s.a.
Oldsmobile Diesel engine
Oldsmobile Quad 4 engine
Oldsmobile straight-vi engine
Oldsmobile V8 engine
Irving Jacob Reuter

References [edit]

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^ Michigan Yesterday & Today. Voyageur Press. 2009. ISBN9781616731380.
^ "Ransom Eli Olds Commemorative Marker". Archived from the original on December six, 2017. Retrieved June iv, 2016.
^ "November 12, 1908 - GM buys Oldsmobile". Nov 12, 2016.
^ "1910 1912 Oldsmobile Limited". ultimatecarpage . Retrieved September 5, 2020.
^ ^a ^b 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Coin? A Historical Toll Index for Utilise equally a Deflator of Coin Values in the Economy of the United states of america: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Guild. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Coin? A Historical Price Alphabetize for Use as a Deflator of Coin Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antique Club. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved Jan 1, 2020.
^ "Oldsmobile Light Eight brochure" (PDF) . Retrieved December 12, 2020.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on Nov twenty, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2011. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link)
^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2020. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
^ "Automatic Transmission Saves Gas And Ability" Pop Mechanics, August 1937
^ Mateja, James (March 13, 1977). "GM engine lawsuit: When does Olds go a Chevrolet?". Chicago Tribune.
^ Stuart, Reginald (Apr 3, 1978). "Chiliad.1000.'s Image Under Fire In New Type of Lawsuit; Latest Charges Challenge Internal Operations, Not Size Factors Credibility and Immovability 'A Ready of Principles' G.M. Epitome Assailed in New Cases Murkier Waters Today 'Little Attending' Given Approach Challenged". The New York Times . Retrieved May 20, 2010.
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^ "Howstuffworks "1901-1907 Oldsmobile Curved-Dash"". Archived from the original on June 5, 2008.
^ "Little-Known History of the Car Windshield". January 5, 2016.
^ "The end of the route for Oldsmobile".
^ The Auto Age By James J. Flink, 1988 page 215
^ "Oldsmobile's 1949 overhead valve Five-8 launched an engine revolution". March 7, 2019.
^ "1952 Olds and the First Headlight Dimmer". December 23, 2013.
^ https://world wide web.hemmings.com/weblog/2013/04/18/yesterdays-automobile-of-tomorrow-1962-1963-oldsmobile-jetfire/^{[ bare URL ]}
^ https://www.hemmings.com/blog/2014/11/18/oldsmobile-ford-and-the-rebirth-of-front-bicycle-bulldoze/^{[ blank URL ]}
^ "National Antiquarian Oldsmobile Guild and North Texas Oldsmobile Lodge Welcome Spectators to a Gratuitous Car Show – Printing Release – Digital Journal".
^ "Computer Will Save Fuel on K.M.'s '77 Toronado". The New York Times. August 10, 1976.
^ Han, P. Z.; Lennon, W. L.; Ratajczak, R. B. (1982). "Contempo Chemical and Reinforcement Evolution in the Reinforced Reaction Injection Molding Process for Automobile Applications". Reaction Injection Molding and Fast Polymerization Reactions. pp. 209–218. doi:ten.1007/978-one-4684-8733-6_13. ISBN978-1-4684-8735-0.
^ "The Past and Future of the Head-up Display, the Original Augmented Reality". January 23, 2019.
^ "The 1987 Oldsmobile Aerotech Was Not Your Groovy-Grandson'south Oldsmobile". Jalopnik.
^ "Cheque out these cars GM created in the 1980s with tech decades ahead of its time". Business Insider.
^ "Oldsmobile's $one,995 Talking Map". Chicago Tribune.
^ "CNN - Oldest U.S. Car brand seeks new life equally information technology turns 100 - August 25, 1997". CNN.
^ "» 2002 Oldsmobile Bravada Step Car". Testdrivejunkie.com. June 1, 2015. Retrieved March 16, 2022.
^ "S of the Border Madness! 10 Classic Mexican-Market Car Ads". September 13, 2017.
^ https://blog.consumerguide.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/two/2017/09/1988.png^{[ bare URL image file ]}
^ In the '90s, General Motors hired marketers from exterior the auto industry -- gurus of selling soap, toothpaste, disposable diapers and the like. Just given the blunders behind Oldsmobile'due south failure, peradventure GM should take taken its marketing lessons from radio instead! Archived June 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine Winter, 2001, RESEARCH INSIGHTS.

External links [edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oldsmobile.

Official website (Archived, 22 July 2003)
Oldsmobile.com: 2004 Oldsmobile's website — last twelvemonth of production
Encyclopedia of Oldsmobile
The Olds Holiday Gilded Anniversary Special
Oldsmobile Club of America
Oldsmobile at Curlie
OutrightOlds.com — Oldsmobile photo archive, history, concepts, vintage ads, videos, and owners registry.
Vintage Oldsmobile Ads
Radiolive.co.nz: Alan Lewenthal interview, Oldsmobile F88 owner

padgettmishe1989.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldsmobile